What is this and why is it here? crossgeared.com was and now is again my blog. A blog is like whatever social media platform exists in your bubble, but is more difficult to maintain, is harder to find, and takes longer to read (no character limits). The crossgeared.com blog began in 2006, I stopped posting in 2013 and forgot about it for a decade or so, and it’s now 2026 and I’m back. Having been away for so long, I had to reacquaint myself with my blog, and this one appears to be mostly cycling related with a few old cars and tech related topics thrown in. I added a tag cloud way down there at the bottom (just above my AI statement) that summarises all of this content for anyone interested.
Update (August 2026): the tag cloud has become oollyClouds, the animated word cloud WordPress plugin. Cycling has remained a one of my favourite topics, I’ve added the decarbonisation of both transport and home energy and have more to say on these last three topics.
This is going to be another one of those article response posts, but this time I’ll be brief.
What did you read this time? In an ABC article Watchdog circles WA utility as ‘unusual’ battery charging pushes prices higher they share a plot showing us how the grid-scale batteries in WA have flattened the electricity prices between Q4 2024 and Q4 2025. This is pretty straightforward and a good example of one of the primary benefits of the load shifting batteries enable, and is clearly communicated in the plot below.
A little explanation, please? Those who have looked at a time of use (ToU) energy plan might see some correlation between the 2024 daily average price (and to a lesser degree the 2025 data) and the pricing offered to you by your retailer. If you want more, I go into a lot more detail in my previous post, Time of Use Energy Plans, otherwise below is my very brief visual explainer for daily electricity pricing in Australia.
ToU pricing and electricity demand in Australia
A time-of-use tariff against the shape of a typical demand day
Hover to show time of day and click a series in legend to show/hide.
Show source data
GloBird Boost Rates 1 August – 10 September 2026
Tariff
Time of Day
Cost (AUD)
Daily Charge
1.133 / day
Solar Soak
11:00 – 16:00
0.1815 / kWh
Offpeak
21:00 – 11:00
0.22330 / kWh
Peak
16:00 – 21:00
0.40700 / kWh
Usage and daily supply rates include GST. Rates shown are before any
conditional discount.
Indicative demand is not measured system demand. It is the shape of the WA wholesale
spot price for Q4 2024, the year before grid-scale batteries flattened it (see the
companion cost-comparison chart), normalised to its own range: 0% at the day’s lowest
half-hourly average, 100% at its highest. Wholesale price and demand are not the same
thing — price also reflects supply-side conditions such as rooftop solar output and
generator bidding, which is why the market can go negative at midday even though demand
never does — but under merit-order dispatch the two track closely enough for the
shape of this curve to stand in for a typical demand day.
Sources. Wholesale prices: ABC News, Batteries flatten average daily energy
prices, Datawrapper chart fH1Uf, 20 August 2026, from AEMO
Quarterly Energy Dynamics — Q4 2025; dataset retrieved from
datawrapper.dwcdn.net/fH1Uf/2/dataset.csv on 2 September 2026, which carries
48 dated intervals plus 44 duplicate rows in an older label format that are excluded.
Rates: GloBird Energy Boost from 1 August 2026, at
crossgeared.com/time-of-use-energy-plans.
And, this is relevant how? Finally, here's a direct comparison with my (very limited) before and after late winter battery forced loading showing my ToU cost per kWh compared to my effective cost per kWh making some assumptions about losses and system efficiency using actual data. However, these data are so limited that it probably better described as an anecdote. Also note that the scales for these plots are completely different as my costs are retail in cents per kWh and the WA wholesale spot price is in AUD per MWh (1 AUD = 100 cents and 1MWh = 1,000kWh).
What Batteries Have Done in WA and What They're Doing for Me
Grid batteries flattened a wholesale price curve; one home battery halved a peak tariff
Hover either panel to read the same clock hour in both, or click a series to hide it. Arrow keys step through the day.
WA Wholesale Spot Price
Average half-hourly price, Q4 2024 against Q4 2025.
Ten of the 48 wholesale intervals were negative in Q4 2024; none were in
Q4 2025. Usage and daily supply rates include GST. Rates shown are before any conditional
discount.
My usage data: [add one paragraph description of source data from GloBird]
Effective cost is measured rather than modelled. For each half hour, coverage is the share
of the 17 days from 7 to 23 August 2026 on which no meaningful grid import occurred, taking
anything above 0.05 kWh in a half hour as the battery no longer carrying the house, against
standby readings near 0.006 kWh. Energy the battery supplies was bought earlier at the solar
soak rate, so it costs that divided by round-trip efficiency: 20.625c at 88%, ranging from
20.167c at 90% to 21.353c at 85%, which is the shaded band. Effective cost is coverage times
storage cost plus the remainder at the published rate. Between 08:00 and 16:00 the published
rate stands, because an absence of import there means solar or the forced load itself rather
than the battery discharging. Round-trip efficiency is estimated, not measured.
The two panels are scaled so the Q4 2025 mean and the effective mean sit at the same height.
That alignment is what makes the shapes comparable; the heights themselves are not, since
one is a wholesale price in dollars per megawatt-hour and the other
a retail rate in cents per kilowatt-hour. The shared cursor reads the same clock hour in each
panel, not the same instant, since the two regions keep different time.
Sources. Wholesale prices: ABC News, Batteries flatten average daily energy prices,
Datawrapper chart fH1Uf, 20 August 2026, from AEMO Quarterly Energy Dynamics
— Q4 2025; dataset retrieved from
datawrapper.dwcdn.net/fH1Uf/2/dataset.csv on 2 September 2026, which carries 48
dated intervals plus 44 duplicate rows in an older label format that are excluded.
Accompanied Daniel
Mercer, “Watchdog circles WA utility as ‘unusual’ battery charging pushes
prices higher”, ABC News, 2 September 2026. Household data: half-hourly interval
metering, NMI 60010826437, meter 0007644, streams E1 consumption and B1 solar export,
supplied by GloBird Energy, 23 January to 2 September 2026, timestamps AEST. Rates: GloBird
Energy Boost from 1 August 2026, at
crossgeared.com/time-of-use-energy-plans.
Hardware: Fronius Primo GEN24 5.0 Plus with a 19.3kWh BYD HVM battery, forced loading at a
minimum of 2kW between 11:00 and 16:00, at
crossgeared.com/battery-management.
What does this tell us? Much like the batteries in WA, my home battery is flattening the daily cost of electricity to the point where peak pricing has essentially been completely offset with lower-priced electricity from the solar soak period. I can see two equally true interpretations of these data.
A properly managed solar and home battery system can eliminate peak pricing, even in the winter!
- Your local solar installer
Home battery offers no benefit for nineteen hours every day.
- Large news source that controls half the newspapers
Whichever way you look at it, the automated management I've set up for my particular home and solar/battery system means we can be more flexible when we use electricity with less consideration given to the prices set by our retailer. Meaning we can run the heat, oven, dishwasher, or whatever* whenever needed. Furthermore, we can use electricity in the evening peak without contributing to overall demand and contribute just a little to reduce the demand for fossil fuelled energy.
*- Big caveat here, maybe not charging the EVs as they have a battery capacity 2-3 times lager than the home battery.
Timing is everything. The cost of electricity has been a key factor throughout the decarbonisation process. The cost of energy varies (read: increases) over time, but is also variable throughout the day due to time of use (ToU) energy plans. Considering the substantial increase in the overall amount of electricity needed to run all of these electrified systems, timing their use can have a large impact on the utilisation of both solar and stored battery energy, which directly flows on to costs.
Phases. Briefly, I’ve divided this decarbonisation process into three phases: phase 1 was the electrification process, phase 2 was the process of implementing the timing of energy use, and the third phase is the continued adaptation to changing conditions. The timing of these electricity loads in response to ToU energy plans is clearly part of phase 2: timing, as well as phase 3: adaptation. You can read more about the process on my dedicated Home Decarbonisation Project page. I originally visualised this process as layers building upon each other, but the 3-phase pun was irresistible.
First, a little history. In the not-too-distant past, the Australian energy market was very different with state-run utilities, including for electricity generation and distribution. And, along with an initial wave of deregulation across the states and territories beginning in the 1990s, the National Energy Market (NEM) was formed in 1998. The NEM is the wholesale electricity market that allows individual retailers to sell electricity to us. The breadth, degree, and timing of deregulation was highly variable across the states and territories over the couple next decades following deregulation, and I’m not going to get into those details here. But, the important outcome of all of this is that we’re now in 2026 more or less in an environment where individual households and businesses can choose a retailer who themselves can offer rates and plans that compete in a (still highly regulated) market. The primary sources for all of this are deep into government documents and consultants reports, and I suggest Australia’s National Electricity Market after twenty years for a more approachable read.
Like many of you, I enjoy keeping up with the NEM and what’s going on with the market in general, but sometimes have trouble detecting sarcasm in the written form. You can see the NEM in action at explore.openelectricity.org.au. In a recent episode the ABC podcast The Economy, Stupid, The tricks they use to stop us getting cheaper petrol, they buried the lede and discussed a paper Price Discrimination by Negotiation: a Field Experiment in Retail Electricity where Bryne et al. investigate the disparity in pricing for different electricity customers and the methods individuals can use to improve the electricity costs and rates offered by these retailers. They also discuss the advantages of using the compare.energy.vic.gov.au energy comparison tool, which allows individuals to compare actual offers and encourages them to switch plans. On a personal note, I found their insight into the potential effects on different behavioural and sociodemographic groups both revealing and disappointing.
Again, why? On 1 August of this year (2026) I received a notice of a substantial increase in my electricity rates from my current retailer, GloBird. So, as recommended by Bryne et al., I used the compare.energy.vic.gov.au energy comparison tool to find a better offer. GloBird came up (again) as the best offer, and I rang them up to discuss it. After navigating a multi-step phone tree that required selecting some ambiguous options, I arrived at a recording telling me I was the 71st caller in the queue. I tried again the next day with the same process and was assigned caller number 70. I suspect that’s either a coincidence, or these caller queue numbers are pseudo-randomly assigned to discourage you from continuing. Whatever the case, I chose the option to have them call back and they did a few minutes later. The actual real person from the GloBird call centre was helpful, provided the necessary info, had the same pricing from the comparison tool, and gave me an easy path to update my plan.
The ToU energy plan: Now with the new plan scheduled to begin in September, I can reassess my scheduled loads and energy use. In order to do so, I’ve created the data visualisation below (hey, this time I didn’t get distracted and write a new WordPress plugin) that shows all of the relevant ToU plan data along with the context of my load timing and a proxy for solar energy generation. The ToU plan plot shows the GloBird ToU plan pricing throughout the day along with their meagre solar feed-in tariff as well as sunlight and scheduled loads. I suggest you switch the feed-in tariff plot to ‘reality mode’ to see just how close to de minimis this pricing actually is. Said somewhat less pretentiously, “and if you though the 208.9 cents at the petrol station was weird, check out my $0.0010/kWh feed-in tariff“.
Energy Costs and Load Scheduling (2026)
Price, plan, and time of use (ToU) changes
Hover a plan to bring it forward, or click to hide it. Arrow keys step through the day.
Feed-in Tariff
Export rates are the same across all GloBird Boost and GloSave plans. These rates are displayed with a zoomed-in scale as they would otherwise not be detectable to the human eye. Use the zoom feature below to get a more realistic (honest) view of how small they really are.
Scheduled Loads
Hover over a scheduled load time window for details and show load on ToU plot.
Show source data
GloBird Boost Rates to 1 August 2026
Tariff
Time of Day
Cost (AUD)
Daily Charge
1.1660 / day
Offpeak
21:00 – 15:00
0.17270 / kWh
Peak
15:00 – 21:00
0.30250 / kWh
GloBird Boost Rates 1 August – 10 September 2026
Tariff
Time of Day
Cost (AUD)
Daily Charge
1.133 / day
Solar Soak
11:00 – 16:00
0.1815 / kWh
Offpeak
21:00 – 11:00
0.22330 / kWh
Peak
16:00 – 21:00
0.40700 / kWh
GloBird Boost Rates from 10 September 2026
Tariff
Time of Day
Cost (AUD)
Daily Charge
0.891 / day
Solar Soak
11:00 – 16:00
0.14850 / kWh
Offpeak
21:00 – 11:00
0.17930 / kWh
Peak
16:00 – 21:00
0.33000 / kWh
GloBird Feed-in Rates, all three plans
Tariff
Time of Day
Cost (AUD)
Solar/Generation Feed in (4pm-9pm)
16:00 – 21:00
0.03000 / kWh
Solar/Generation Feed in (9pm-10am, 2pm-4pm)
21:00 – 10:00, 14:00 – 16:00
0.00100 / kWh
Solar/Generation Feed in (10am-2pm)
10:00 – 14:00
0.00000 / kWh
Daily supply charge Boost to 1 Aug: $1.16600, Boost 1 Aug – 10 Sep: $1.13300,
GloSave from 10 Sep: $0.89100.
Usage and daily supply rates include GST. Feed-in rates are GST exclusive.
Rates shown are before any conditional discount.
Solar is modelled rather than measured. Clear-sky global horizontal
irradiance is computed from solar geometry for Melbourne
(37.81°S, 144.96°E) on the 15th of each month, averaged across
each clock hour, then scaled so the daily total matches the long-term
mean daily global exposure for that month. Times are local clock time,
so daylight saving shifts the curve. Every month is normalised against
the annual peak hour. It represents sunlight falling on a horizontal
surface, not the output of any particular rooftop system.
What are the key messages in these data?
The cost of inaction and keeping my GloBird Boost plan after the 1 August 2026 price changes would have been substantial.
The benefits in time shifting grid energy use can be significant and primarily in response to ToU peak pricing.
Excess solar generation is not valued and should be avoided.
Consider the ToU solar soak time window when designing and configuring your solar, battery, hot water, or EV charging systems
Ok, so decarbonisation? Discussions of ToU plans are naturally framed using costs as cost is the primary tool used to effect our energy use when using these plans. However, these relative ToU energy costs are also a strong signal for energy demand on the grid which is directly related to renewable energy generation here in Australia. Overlaying the estimated sunlight over our ToU plot should give you a good visual explanation for some of the reasoning behind the different ToU price tariffs.
The careful and considered timing of scheduled loads informed by our ToU energy plan enabled us to tune our systems for cost, which through the mechanisms shown above, means we are also getting the most out of our own solar energy generation, our own stored battery energy, and grid renewable energy. I’ve been careful not to use the term ‘optimise’ here as I think a pragmatic, considered approach will get us pretty close to where we want to be without fixating on the minutiae well past the point of diminishing returns. The breadth, degree, and timing of our own approach is probably quite varied (much like the deregulation of the Australian energy market). While this step is firmly in phase 2 of our decarbonisation project, it will continue to be part of the ongoing phase 3 that will allow us to adapt to changing needs, conditions, and most likely, change ToU energy tariffs.
I have a few bikes that are primarily ridden on gravel and most of my riding includes gravel, but none of my bikes are gravel bikes. And having made the list below, it looks like I don’t own any gravel tyres, either. So, here’s a list of road and MTB tyres* on non-gravel bikes ranked by gravel grade from road to technical singletrack, which mostly maps to Silca’s grades 1-4.
* There’s a 700x35mm version of an XC tyre on the Gunnar, so maybe that one is (was) a gravel tyre when it was available, but it seems to be no longer.
700x38mm Vittoria Corsa Pro Control on Hunt 40 Carbon Disc wheels
Bike: 2020 Lynskey R300 “road” bike
Gravel Category: Class 1-3
Setup: Tubeless, measured tyre width: 35.2mm at apx. 40/45psi (F/R). The rims are hooked (as all rims should be) and are 22mm internal rim measurement.
Why: The R300 is primarily a road bike, but I don’t like riding on roads. So, it has road tyres that work offroad. Road tyres can be excellent gravel tyres, depending heavily on the terrain and your comfort level sliding around with variable front and rear traction. The 35mm Continental GP5000S TR is known for being good offroad, but I have a preference for Vittoria and decided to try out the Corsa Pro Control. Vittoria do offer a 42mm version of the Corsa Pro Control, but I’m already pushing the published 32mm tyre clearance limit on the R300 and thought the 38s were enough. The tightest margin seems to be between the tyre and seat tube, where there’s about 6mm or clearance. The chainstays maintain at least 9mm of clearance with these, so maybe those 42mm tyres would fit after all. The R300 has an Enve All-road fork with 40mm of tyre clearance, so no concerns with the 38mm (35mm measured) Corsas there.
Other thoughts:The Corsa Pro Controls are excellent on reasonably well maintained gravel and dry hardback, marginal if there’s any mud around, and useless in wet grass. These make tame singletrack a lot of fun, but stay away from rocks and be careful on roots. Oh, and they’re quite good on the road as well.
700x35mm Vittoria Mezcal on Hunt 4-season rim-brake wheels
Bike: 2001 Gunnar Crosshairs cyclocross bike
Gravel Category: Class 1-4
Setup:Tubeless, had inserts, measured tyre width: 36.1mm at apx. 45/50psi (F/R), 17mm internal rim measurement.
Why:The Gunnar has had a huge variety of road, cyclocross, touring, and gravel tyres ranging from 23-38mm over the 20 years that I’ve been riding it. There are two main factors limiting tyre choice on the Gunnar: rear tyre clearance at the chain stays and front tyre toe overlap. I rode the Ritchry Speedmax in 30, 32, and 35mm for years, then the Kenda Slant 6 was my go to tyre for gravel and singletrack for quite a while. Tyre width on the Gunnar hit a peak around 2012-2014 with some WTB All-Terrainasarus 38mm front and 35mm rear. Those were reasonably practical tyres, but the toe overlap was excessive. The Gunnar has toe overlap with anything about a 30mm, and those tall 38mm WTBs were too much. So, these 35mm Mezcals with their XC tread are good all-around tyres with a good compromise between size and toe overlap.
Other thoughts: The Gunnar does have a second wheelset with a pair of tubed 700x32mm Vittoria Corsa N.Ext tyres on Fulcrum Racing 5 LG CX wheels. These were my “road” wheels, but they also saw use on gravel and singletrack. The Corsa N.Ext tyres are decent enough on class 1 gravel, but cornering was alway sketchy and singletrack was hit or miss, and the tubes are always prone to pinch flats. These wouldn’t be my first choice for offroad, but if I was going to ride them I’d want to make sure it’s very dry with no mud and no wet timber bridge decks.
I also used to have a pair of Effetto Mariposa Tyre Invaders in some Kenda Flintridge* and later Alluvium tyres, but decided not to install the inserts on the current Mezcals. I haven’t had any pinch flats with the Mezcals and don’t see a need to use inserts for the type of riding the Gunnar sees these days.
*- Those 700x35mm Kenda Flintridge tyres didn’t really fit. I trimmed all the side knobs of the rear Flintridge to (mostly) keep it from buzzing the chainstays.
29×2.2 Specialized S-Works Renegade on Easton ARC 25 Offset rims
Bike: 2011 Lynskey Ridgeline dropbar 29er MTB
Gravel Category: Class 2-4
Setup: Tubeless, no inserts, measured tyre width: 54.1mm/2.1″ at apx. 28/30psi (F/R), 25mm internal rim measurement.
Why: I did not choose these wheels or tyres. This was Eric’s bike, and this was his preference. I first rode this bike with these tyres back in the northern hemisphere winter of 2024/2025 and my first impressions were that they weren’t ideal snow tyres, but held their own well enough. Now, having ridden them in sane conditions, I’ve found that they’re quite good. While I have some reservations about their casing and durability, I have been impressed with their speed on fast gravel and cornering on both gravel and hardpack. In the winter here, which ends next week, there is often a layer of “green ice” that unseats almost any tyre, and these are no exception. I’m saving this bike for the warmer and drier months that will be here soon.
Other thoughts: What is green ice? This is a term I first heard in Adelaide where it was used to describe the growth of a usually green moss-like plant that tends to cover damp hardback found primarily on southern-facing hillsides that don’t see the sun all winter. There just so happens to be one of those southern-facing hillsides that I ride to get down to the Main Yarra Trail here, and it’s caught me out a few times on a bike and on foot. The only tyres I currently have that I trust on this stuff are the 29×2.6/2.4″ (F/R) Maxxis Forekaster 3C MaxxTerras that I have on the rigid singlespeed, and even then it’s marginal.
27.5×2.25 Maxxis Rekon Race on Stan’s Crest Mk3 rims
Bike: 2008 Kent Eriksen dropbar 650b MTB
Gravel Category: Class 3-4
Setup: Tubeless, no inserts, measured tyre width: 56.5mm/2.2″ at apx. 28/30psi (F/R), 23mm internal rim measurement.
Why: The Erkisen was originally a 100mm hardtail built for 26×2.1″ tyres, and the first tyres I installed on it in 2008 were tubed 26×2.1″ Panaracer Fire XC Pros. The Eriksen was converted to dropbars in 2019, still with the 26″ wheels and some stylish tan-wall Schwalbe Nobby Nic 26×2.25″ tubeless tyres. The initial 650b set up was Maxxis Ikon 2.2×27.5″ front, Maxxis Aspen 2.1×27.5″ rear. The Ikon is a reasonably good, predictable tyre, and the Aspen is a fun, loose rear tyre, at least in the small 27.5×2.1″ size. The limiting factor for fitting 650b rear tyres in this 26″ frame is the rear brake bridge, and the 27.5×2.2″ Ikon would rub the brake bridge, hence the Aspen 2.1″. However, I found that the low-tread 27.5×2.2″ Rekon Race fits the rear, and I swapped to a pair of these when the Ikon/Aspen needed replacing. The Rekon Race isn’t the grippiest tyre around, but it’s reasonably predictable and pretty fun. I currently have a 3C MaxxSpeed Rekon Race on the front and a harder dual compound version on the rear. I would like a 3C MaxxTerra on the front, but it seems the market for soft compound, low tread 650b XC tyres is too limited. Go figure.
Other thoughts: Good 27.5″ tyres in fun sizes for singletrack aren’t easy to come by. I know these Maxxis tyres aren’t the most efficient, but neither is a dropbar MTB with 46cm Ritchey Beacon bars that flare to over 60cm, which is wider than the Titec 555mm flat bars I originally had on this thing in 2008. The point here is more fun than fast or efficient, and Maxxis tyres generally allow for a lot of fun. I did prefer the feel of the Ikon on the front at the limits of traction, but both the Rekon Race and Aspen are good enough on the rear.